Campbell, who can also play as a right-sided midfielder, spent a month on loan at East End Park in 2008.
Boss Jim McIntyre told the Pars' website: "It is a great chance for him to earn a longer contract. Hopefully it will turn out right for both parties."
Campbell will provide cover for Graham Bayne, who has suffered a long-term injury, and Andy Kirk, who will be missing for "a few more games".
"We felt that we were short in that area and Ross is a player we know," said McIntyre.
Davie Graham is a great boy to have about the place
Dunfermline manager Jim McIntyre
"He has been training with us and it is obvious that he has kept himself fit and in good shape.
"We were disappointed when he returned to Hibs after being on loan to us in 2008, but I can understand the reasons."
Dunfermline have also been boosted by the news that striker David Graham has signed an extension to his contract.
The Stirling-born player, who has netted five times for the Pars this season, is now under contract until the end of the 2011-12 season.
"Davie is an important member of our squad and he started the season on fire," said McIntyre.
"Injury forced him out for eight weeks and he has taken a wee while to get back to that form but recently he has hit form again.
"He is a great boy to have about the place and he is an important member of our squad as we try to build a young exciting team.
"He plays with pace, he is direct, quick and can be really dangerous."
Source: BBC Sport
Source: BBC Sport